![]() Adobe Camera RAW v.6.4 Adobe Camera RAW 6.4 is an effective and advanced product specifically designed to replace the original Camera Raw plug-in that was installed with Adobe Creative Suite 4 or Photoshop CS4 software.It is intended as a replacement for vendor supplied camera control software that performs badly on portable computers.This is open source software. Icarus Camera Control for Mac OS v.20090425 This program allows users of PTP cameras to remote control the camera, i.e.Inclusive virtual light table VLT, RAW workflow and Adobe DNG support.Integrated automatic functions. SilverFast DC Digital Camera Software for Mac OS v.6.6.2r2 SilverFast DC for Digital Cameras - brilliant images from your camera with image opimization, archiving and printing - SilverFast DC handles it all.Camera Module for the Mac v.1.0.0 The Camera module for the Mac covers 37 digital formats including 9 digital backs and 12 conventional film formats.The calculations include angle of view, depth of field, hyperfocal distance and image area covered.By working with these 'digital negatives,' you can achieve the. Adobe Camera Raw for Mac v.6.6 The camera raw functionality in Adobe® Photoshop® software provides fast and easy access to the raw image formats produced by many leading professional and midrange digital cameras. ![]() Media management and photo editing tools are offered to better organize your sources and apply final touches to your work. ArcSoft Panorama Maker Pro v.6.0.0.92 Create perfect panorama images with photos and videos using ArcSoft Panorama Maker 5 Pro.What is more important, you can also manually adjust point or. It has different stitching mode to create panoramas vertically, horizontally, in tile and 360 degree. WidsMob Panorama is a panorama maker to auto stitch photos with JPEG and RAW formats. The Panorama Factory Mac Edition v.5.1 Create high-quality panoramas from a set of overlapping digital images.ArcSoft Panorama Maker 7 for Mac v.5 Panorama Maker is a powerful and easy-to-use photo stitching software to offers an elegant way to turn your photos into superb panorama masterpieces.ArcSoft Panorama Maker 5 Pro for Mac v.5.2.19 Now with Panorama Maker 5 Pro for Mac, you can produce your panoramic photo from videos you take! Similar to stitching using photos, the program automatically analyzes the video and finds the corresponding frames to be stitched.A evaluation version that runs for 30 days without limitation is available at (English or German language). Panorama Workbench for Mac OS v.1.02 You can stitch a panorama from series of images taken with a rotating camera.Photo-stitching is usually done with the use of computer software and smartphone applications. By performing this, it will be much easier to do the photo-stitching procedure. To start with, if one plans to perform this process, the person must capture all the images with the same exposure, settings and tripod level. Through the process of photo stitching, one can produce a high-resolution landscape panoramic photography. An article entitled “Panoramic Photography – The Art of Stitching” claims that one does not need an expensive wide angle lens in order to capture exceptional panoramas. Nowadays, it is much easier to take panoramic shots and one of the popular ways to do this is through photo stitching. Photo stitching is the art of combining several images with overlapping fields of view to produce a high-resolution panoramic image. Hence, early panoramic shots were done with more than 2 daguerreotype plates to be placed side-by-side. Meanwhile, after this invention, photographers' interest to show landscapes and portrayal of cities inspired them to create panoramas. The latent image will then be developed with mercury vapor. Then to make it light sensitive, it needs to be exposed to iodine fumes before the plate can be exposed in a camera for as long as needed. The process of the daguerreotype is done by placing a highly polished silver surface on a copper plate. Did you know that the first panoramic photos were made with the first commercial photographic process which is daguerreotype? The daguerreotype was invented in 1839 by a French artist and photographer Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.
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![]() ![]() ![]() They send out long, clear sweeper tentacles that are used for feeding and attacking any corals that get too close these tentacles do have nematocytes, or stinging cells, which can cause some irritation or inflammation to human skin and even more damage to nearby corals.ĭuring this time, the skeleton will be exposed and you will be able to see how jagged it really is.This thread is intended to be a general guideline for different species and subspecies of corals ranging from SPS (Small Polyp Stony Coral), LPS (Long Polyp Stony Coral), Soft corals and Polyps. Bubble corals have almost transparent flesh, but color should never be entirely absent.Īt night, these corals retract their bubbles. For as fragile as they are, hobbyists have found them to be incredibly resilient and can come back from near death.Īlong with being fully extended, your bubble coral should have bright colors though they do not come in many different colors, the greens, whites, yellows, and pinks of your coral should be vibrant. This can make transporting them very difficult, but not impossible. Low lighting can cause your coral to inflate more in order to optimize photosynthesis and high lighting can cause more compacted bubbles.īubble corals have very jagged skeletons which can easily puncture their own bubbles. The level of polyp expansion can correlate to lighting. No matter what kind of bubble coral you have, your coral should always be fully extended. Ones with rounded, grape-shaped bubbles some of these that have smaller bubbles may also be labeled as ‘pearl’ ( Physogyra spp.).There are two main types of bubble coral variety: They can grow to be several inches across and reach reasonable heights. Bubble corals are large polyp stony corals (LPS) with a calcium carbonate skeleton and round fleshy polyps. These corals look exactly how you might imagine them. Some hobbyists find Aussie bubbles to be more sensitive than Indo bubbles, but this is specific to each tank. For example, you may come across ‘Aussie bubble corals’, ‘Indo bubble corals’, ‘Marshall Island bubble corals’, or wherever else they might have been collected from these names may even be carried over for those corals that have been aquacultured. In the aquarium hobby, these corals may be further named according to their area of collection. Luckily, the care requirements for these two genera do not differ. Some of the most common species to come across are Plerogyra sinuosa and Physogyra lichtensteinii. are often referred to as pearl bubbles 1. have smaller bubbles with a flatter skeleton Physogyra spp. usually have larger bubbles and a blade-like skeleton while Physogyra spp. The difference between these two genera is that Plerogyra spp. The common name ‘bubble coral’ is actually used to describe two different genera, Plerogyra and Physogyra. Though they have previously been categorized as a member of the Euphylliidae family, their exact taxonomic categorization is largely up for debate and still unknown. These corals are commonly known as the bubble coral, grape coral, or pearl coral due to their appearance. They have been found in dark and turbid waters as well as bright and clear seas.īubbles are largely found throughout the Indo-Pacific and the Pacific Ocean, but most available colonies in the hobby originate from Indonesia specifically more Australian colonies have entered the trade due to difficult propagation and trading bans on coral. Chloroquine Phosphate Aquarium Dosing Calculatorĩ Closing Thoughts A Quick Overview On The Bubble Coral Scientific NameĬountry – Widely found throughout the Indo-Pacific and the Pacific Ocean (most colonies are imported from Indonesia)īubble corals come from a wide range of environments. ![]() Horror fans will throw their hands up in disgust as soon as the movie starts. Perhaps the most insulting thing about The Fog 2005 is that it’s unashamed in its target audience. The finale is the icing on top of a cake made of weeks old baby vomit. It is a remake of John Carpenter 's 1980 film of the same name and was produced by Carpenter and Debra Hill who co-wrote the original film. If you’re still awake by this stage the movie does finally do something right by being unintentionally hilarious. The Fog is a 2005 American supernatural horror film directed by Rupert Wainwright and starring Tom Welling, Selma Blair, and Maggie Grace. The movie stumbles towards it’s obvious (regardless of if you’ve seen the original) & lacklustre finale with all the grace of someone who’s been on a 48 hour booze-bender. Maggie Grace plays her character almost exactly as the one she played in Lost (Shannon Rutherford) & Selma Blair is horrible as the radio DJ, Stevie Wayne. Tom Welling is far too recognisable as Clark Kent (Smallville) to be taken seriously. The original is looking very dated now, thanks to its low budget, but this is not a worthy attempt. It’s really frustrating as the argument for a remake of The Fog is solid. The changes made to the story don’t improve it in the slightest & the over the top use of bad CGI is embarrassing. It’s incredibly ham-fisted with its approach throwing in visions & dreams that make no sense just so the plot can drag itself forward. A movie that is more likely to put you to sleep than scare you. Along with his ex-girlfriend (Maggie Grace) he sets about uncovering the secret that Antonio Bay buried all those years ago.ĭo you like good acting? Do you enjoy tension? Maybe you enjoy subtly? Well, best you look elsewhere because The Fog is 103 minutes of utter trash. A ghostly Elizabeth Dane is seen, windows shatter, electrical blackouts happen…it’s all very boring.Īfter Spooner & some friends are attacked while drinking at sea, Nick realises that something way more sinister is happening. ![]() This seems to cause supernatural events to occur across the island. Nick Castle (played by the awful Tom Welling) & his friend, Spooner (DeRay Davis) accidentally disturb a bag containing items from the Elizabeth Dane while out fishing. The same men who plundered the boat & killed the leper colony are to be honoured with a statue to commemorate the town’s anniversary. However a group of the islanders betray the colony, looting their ship (The Elizabeth Dane) & setting it on fire killing everyone aboard.įast-forward 134 years later where Antonio Bay has flourished thanks to the money stolen all those years ago. Having been driven away from other locations they just want to live in peace. The plot sees a leper colony agree to purchase half of Antonio Bay island. It’s as bland as you can possible get helped by a cast that play their roles with complete disinterest. Rate this script: (0.Widely considered to be one of the worst remakes ever, The Fog fails in every department lacking tension, excitement & scares. The little church parking lot, choir boy. The four men locked Blake and his people in the vessel, stole their money and possessions, an While bringing his people to Antonio Island in their clipper ship, the Elizabeth Dane, Blake is betrayed by Castle, Wayne, Williams and Malone. It tells how a man named Blake bought half the island for use as a leper colony. It is a remake of John Carpenters 1980 film of the same name and was produced by Carpenter and Debra Hill who co wrote the original film. When Elizabeth slips in Nick's boathouse and falls into the sea, she finds an old journal from 1871, written by Patrick Malone, one of the town's founders. The Fog is a 2005 American horror film directed by Rupert Wainweight and starring Tom Walling, Selma Blair and Maggie Grace. ![]() When his girlfriend Elizabeth Williams returns to the island after spending six months in New York, a bizarre series of events begin to occur, including several gruesome deaths and the presence of a mysterious fog. Nick Castle is one of the descendants of the men, and owns a fishing charter company, using his vessel, the Seagrass, for tourism. A thick mist full of vengeful spirits haunts a prosperous island town off the coast of Oregon, as its inhabitants try to learn their towns dark secret in order to stop it. Synopsis: The inhabitants of Antonio Island, off the coast of Oregon, are about to unveil a statue honoring the four men (Castle, Wayne, Williams and Malone) who founded their town in 1871. With Tom Welling, Maggie Grace, Selma Blair, DeRay Davis. ![]() See, Boosie didn't know I was gon' do that. How was recruiting Desi Banks for the “Apartment” visual? No sleeping, start at 8pm and end at 6am. Let's get it.” Boom, “go in there.” He'll drop something, "go in there and sing this part right here." Vice versa, I do the same shit. We’re working! I'ma feed off him, he feeds off me. If he puts something down for us, I'm wiping it down. Or I'll start the song, he'll go in there and finish it. ![]() If he starts the song off, then I'll go in there and finish it. If you listen to the album, you can tell. We freestyle everything, we don’t write nothing. What’s the energy like in the studio? Do you freestyle everything? We recorded the whole album in Atlanta, Dallas, and Houston. He said "come to Atlanta! Come to my house." He ended up shooting me some shit, I shot him some shit. An album?! That n*gga said we got an album! I was at a show in another state. I didn't know anything about it so when I saw it, I’m like "what?" He called me like "let's go get it." He did his interview with Vlad, he’s like "we got an album coming.” He didn’t even tell me at the time, he said it on VladTV. He’s like “man come to my house, so we can record.” We dropped a whole tape. I was finna fly.Īt what point did you guys decide to do a whole tape together?Ģ months ago, he called me like “where you at?” I don’t remember where I was. One of my partners, he’s dead now, he was putting me up there. In Downtown Dallas, there’s this thing I had to stand on. I thought it was my friend the whole time. You still went against me like I did something. I'm saying “everybody ain't yo friend” because I did a lot, after you even crossed me. I didn't say “everybody ain't yo friend” because somebody said they’re not my friend anymore. He didn’t put us on.” But the same partners who said all this, I gave them somewhere to stay. Started doing interviews about me, they started doing all types of shit. It was official, all my partners went against me. I don't remember looking at the song and saying “it's gon' blow up.” Because you can say that, then it doesn’t blow up. Nah, I never thought it was going to blow up. “Errybody” has over 44 million on Youtube alone. How did you get your name? What does the 3 signify? We're doing something, they’re looking up to you. When you get your first person to walk up to you and say “can I take a picture with you?” You're still looking at yourself like somebody regular, then somebody asks for a picture. Basically the first project, that's when I knew it was real. I could listen to you but if somebody follows you, they’re going to do more than listen to you.Īt what point did you realize this music thing was for real? There's a difference from listening to following. If it sounds good and you’re talking about something, you don't just get them to listen - you give them a follow. That's the only way they’re going to listen. I ain't trying to rap to make it sound good, I want you to feel it. What sets you apart from other street rappers? Whether it's my story or the next person’s story, they’re going to feel me. Me, I've been a rapper, but you could do whatever you want. The black community and the Hispanic community, we deal with a lot of poverty and struggle. I'm this generation’s Boosie.Ģ mixtapes ago, when they finally felt the message of what I was trying to do. What does it mean to be dubbed the Boosie of Dallas? We caught up with Mo3 to discuss collaborating with Boosie Badazz, the inspiration behind “Errybody,” Mo3 describes himself as a “gang member turned rapper,” with music being his saving grace when it came to surviving the trenches. In addition, he’s a father to three beautiful children. BadAzz Mo3 is equipped with emotion, bangers, wisdom, and of course, that legendary Boosie Badazz flare. Following his most recent solo album Osama, his previous nickname in the streets, real name Melvin Noble returns with a collaborative project with the New Orleans legend. The crazy part is Boosie was Mo3’s favorite artist growing up, but Mo3 quickly became Boosie’s favorite rapper as soon as he caught wind of the movement. His ability to switch from spitfire rapper to melodic singer is proof alone of his innate talent to create music that not only sounds good, but resonates with audiences. The Dallas native is here to create heartfelt anthems for the streets, with lyrics about real-life experiences, obstacles, and getting it on his own coming from the mud. Only a select handful of artists get to be signed to Boosie Badazz’ label, and Mo3 is one of them. ![]() 3:37:38 AM, Error: Ntfs - The default transaction resource manager on volume O: encountered a non-retryable error and could not start. 3:47:20 AM, Error: Service Control Manager - The MBAMService service terminated unexpectedly. Error code: 3:59:34 AM, Error: Service Control Manager - The Synergy+ Client service terminated unexpectedly. 4:00:14 AM, Error: VDS Basic Provider - Unexpected failure. This security permission can be modified using the Component Services administrative tool. = Disabled Device Manager Items =Ĭlass GUID: to the user NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE SID (S-1-5-19) from address LocalHost (Using LRPC). I: is FIXED (FAT32) - 20 GiB total, 18.548 GiB free. G: is FIXED (NTFS) - 1863 GiB total, 743.378 GiB free. = Disk Partitions =Ĭ: is FIXED (NTFS) - 112 GiB total, 60.563 GiB free. ![]() UNLESS SPECIFICALLY INSTRUCTED, DO NOT POST THIS LOG. It looks like the process is quitting after a few seconds of being open. Chameleon will at least get it to update, but I can't open the actual app to get it to scan. Upon rebooting, it had me install the newest version of MBAM. Free trial: nightly scan randomly came up with 100+ infected/quarantined files. XMLSpy is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The optional integration of XMLSpy with Microsoft Visual Studio or Eclipse allows you to seamlessly access XMLSpy editing views and XML development tools from within these popular IDEs. XMLSpy includes COM and Java APIs plus OLE and ActiveX controls, which let you access XMLSpy?s powerful capabilities in a programmatic way. You can connect to and query a relational database, generate an XML Schema from a DB, import and export data based on DB schemas, generate DBs from XML Schemas, and edit relational or XML data. XMLSpy supports all major databases, including IBM DB2, SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, Sybase, PostgreSQL, and others. XMLSpy even provides intelligent HTML, HTML 5, and XHTML editing. For Web developers, XMLSpy includes a JSON editor and JSON to XML converter. Support for XBRL and XBRL Dimensions allows viewing and validating documents that conform to these standards. A schema-aware XQuery processor and an XQuery debugger facilitate intelligent querying of XML data. An XPath 1.0/2.0 analyzer and intelligent XPath auto-completion assist in the building and testing of XPath expressions, which can be evaluated against multiple files. It also includes a schema-aware XSLT processor and an XSLT 1.0/2.0 debugger for perfecting stylesheets, plus support for stylesheets that use Java, C#, JavaScript, and VBScript. Advanced error handling and hyperlinking capabilities in its XML validator make troubleshooting a breeze. Schema flattening and subset creation are also supported. In addition to the world?s most popular XML editor, XMLSpy Professional includes a graphical XML Schema editor that allows you to design and document complex schemas with ease. Altova XMLSpy 2012 Professional Edition is the industry-leading XML editor and XML development environment, with intuitive editing views and powerful XML utilities to model, edit, transform, and debug XML-related technologies quickly and easily. ![]() Though atrocious, Pilgrim State’s history, in my view, trumps all. The shudder-inducing conditions and medical experiments conducted at the “school” for mentally disabled children were exposed in the 1970’s prompting public outcry. ( source) Staten Island‘s Willowbrook State School, decommissioned but whose buildings are now part of CUNY’s College of Staten Island, remains a heinous reminder of just how bad things could become. In the 1980’s Building 74’s violence was so brutal that a patient was beat to death by orderlies while in a straitjacket. ![]() ![]() In Queens the tremendous partially defunct Creedmoor Psychiatric Center had a secure unit infamous for abuse and neglect of patients determined to be criminally insane. Neglect of the land, which also contains a decay old asylum for women, has remains poking out from the island’s edge. More than 1 million poor souls have been buried in mass graves there since 1869–the poor, those without any family, many unidentified, and some by mistake. The Bronx‘s Hart Island has recently been in the news as the Department of Parks and Recreation tries to gain control of the “Potter’s Field” from the Department of Corrections. The New York City area has many landmarks to its horrendous treatment of the destitute and those deemed mentally ill, both historically and not so long ago. ![]() The following abilities no longer ignore units classified as Ancients (Neutral Ancients, Warlock's Golem, etc): Ice Vortex, Mana Void, Berserker's Call, Blood Rite, Bladefury, Omnislash, Torrent, Ghost Ship, Smokescreen, Static Remnant, Primal Roar, Earth Spike, Heartstopper Aura, Shrapnel, Golem's Immolation, Sticky Napalm, Primal Split's Immolation, Call Down, Invoker's Tornado, EMP, Chaos Meteor, Sun Strike, Ice Wall, Deafening Blast, Pulse Nova, Eclipse, Battery Assault, Rocket Flare, Shadow Poison, Dispersion, The Swarm, Kinetic Field, Static Storm, Ancestral Spirit, Echo Stomp, Overwhelming Odds, Stone Gaze, Earth Bind, Poof, Rip Tide, Nyx's Impale, Fire Spirits, Supernova, Mystic Flare, Dark Pact, Suicide Squad, Ravage, Demonic Purge, Fortune's End.Reduced All Pick drafting time from 40 to 35 seconds per turn.Melee attacks now miss if the target is farther than 350 range more than their attack range.Hero kills achieved by units under your control now provide XP credit to your hero (Affects things like Spirit Bear, Golems, Familiars, etc getting kills).Ogre Frostmage bounty reduced from 52 to 40.Hellbear health reduced from 950 to 700.Satyr Tormenter gold bounty reduced from 104 to 84.Ancient Rumblehide bounty reduced from 83 to 65.Ancient Black Drake bounty reduced from 50 to 40.Ancient Black Dragon bounty reduced from 199 to 170.Creeps now meet slightly closer to the Dire safelane.Extra range/siege creep additions spawntime from 45:30 to 45:00.Tier 2 and 3 towers armor reduced from 25 to 22.Ranged Barracks team bounty increased from 100 to 225.Melee Barracks team bounty increased from 175 to 275.Instead of Buyback temporarily preventing unreliable gold gain, it now reduces all gold gained (including hero and aoe gold) by 60%.The amount of AoE Bonus Gold given is now increased/decreased by up to 20% based on the dying hero’s relative rank in net worth amongst all the enemies on that team.AoE Bonus Gold is now distributed based on the relative net worth amongst the heroes involved in killing the hero by +/- 25%.Reduced the direct hero last hit bounty by 100 and redistributed that gold into AoE gold (in ratio of 100/75/40/25/20 for 1/2/3/4/5 heroes).Hero kills (the non-net worth portions) are worth 10% more.Range lane creep bounty reduced from 48 to 45 (-6.25%).Melee lane creep bounty reduced from 43 to 40 (-7%).AoE Bonus XP component based on Team XP difference reduced by 40%.AoE Bonus Gold component based on Team Net Worth difference reduced by 25%. ![]() If you haven’t received your order within X days of receiving your shipping confirmation email, please contact us at your name and order number, and we will look into it for you. Please allow 48 hours for the tracking information to become available. ![]() When your order has shipped, you will receive an email notification from us which will include a tracking number you can use to check its status. is not responsible for these charges if they are applied and are your responsibility as the customer. Your order may be subject to import duties and taxes (including VAT), which are incurred once a shipment reaches your destination country. You will receive another notification when your order has shipped. Pack of 2 Diamond print collapsible storage bins.Īll orders are processed within 1 to 4 business days (excluding weekends and holidays) after receiving your order confirmation email.Steel metal bars push into place to hold up the bin.A large industrial-grade zipper does not snag in the corners.When collapsible Storage bins are not in use, they collapse flat and can be stored taking up as little space as possible.Allows you to specifically label what contents are such as size, season, person, etc.PVC lining prevents water from seeping through the polyester material to better shield contents from moisture.Top zipper access and front zipper access so you can retrieve stored contents whether it is stacked on top or bottom without having to move all the stacked bins.The days of buying those clumsy ugly plastic bins and hiding them in your garage are gone.įeatures and Applications- Collapsible Storage Bins The choice of prints and colors makes organizing fun and easy to integrate into your personal style. 5 great sizes are available to fit every organizational need from under the bed to the top shelf in your closet. With the clear window, you can easily see what you have stored inside and access it from the top or front zipper without taking the bin off the shelf or out of the stack.Įach Pop Up bin supports up to 40lbs of weight with the sturdy steel frame construction, MDF base, and durable water-resistant 600D Oxford Canvas with PVC lining. Organizeme Pop Up Collapsible Storage bins are a great storage solution to help you get and stay organized. ![]() They include JPEG, TIFF, EPS, PSD (Photoshop), AI (Adobe Illustrator), and vector files (SVG and XFIG).Ĭoming to color scheme support, Scribus accommodates the CMYK color model. The platform is equally versatile in terms of file format support. Others are eComStation, Haiku, GNU/Hurd, and OpenIndiana. They span MS Windows, macOS, Linux/Unix, OS/2 Warp 4, ArcaOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, and PC-BSD. Of all the items sampled on this list, Scribus sports one of the most copious operating system supports. As it is with Adobe InDesign, it can be used for typesetting digital journals, brochures, banners, posters, flyers, and other single and multiple-page publication items. Scribus is an open-source desktop publishing platform. Open-source InDesign alternatives give users the opportunity to pursue their creative expression without being limited by access or hardware requirements.Īlso, such tools are often improved within a relatively short period of time because of public collaboration, so a lot of the defects of InDesign are rectified in these alternatives.īelow are the top 10 open-source options you can consider as a replacement for InDesign.Ĭonclusion Best Open-Source InDesign Alternatives 1. While you may not utilize this defining feature, it comes with many developmental implications. Wondering why open-source? Let me explain.Īn open-source software code is available for all users to inspect, modify, copy, and use in any way they choose. While we would be exploring alternative tools here, we are specifically going to focus on open-source options. These concerns and more are the reasons many people may be looking for alternatives to Adobe InDesign. For them, this makes file-sharing a hassle unnecessarily. Some other groups of users claim that different (or the same) versions of the tool, including the cloud version, were not compatible. While some users like InDesign for the detail of its features, it is a complaint of many others who think that the workspace is too clogged up and not intuitive enough. ![]() Other users even claimed they needed to double their RAM specs to forestall constant crashes. However, over the years, needs and concerns arose which InDesign could not address for everyone.įor example, some users complained about the software consuming a lot of computing resources. InDesign brings your messages to life with the basic formatting options and you can use the more advanced typographic options to take your designs to the next level. You will have little or no challenge formatting your documents, especially if you are familiar with the basic text options that other Microsoft tools or Adobe software have to offer. With InDesign, you can import your existing Microsoft Word or Excel documents in only a few clicks. However, the tool has transcended into a cross-platform system for creating interactive documents like PDFs and interactive publications for mobile devices like the iPad or Android devices using Adobe digital publishing suite plugins. The original aim of this tool is to create print documents such as cards, magazines, brochures, and reports. Adobe InDesign is a standard Word layout program that allows designers and desktop publishers to create beautiful layouts. ![]() In 1802, Humphry Davy used what he described as "a battery of immense size", consisting of 2,000 cells housed in the basement of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, to create an incandescent light by passing the current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting point. In 1761, Ebenezer Kinnersley demonstrated heating a wire to incandescence. Original carbon-filament bulb from Thomas Edison's shop in Menlo Park Other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and with comparable ingenuity and excellence, have long been forgotten because their creators did not preside over their introduction in a system of lighting. The lamp was a small component in his system of electric lighting, and no more critical to its effective functioning than the Edison Jumbo generator, the Edison main and feeder, and the parallel-distribution system. Historian Thomas Hughes has attributed Edison's success to his development of an entire, integrated system of electric lighting. ![]() They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others because of a combination of three factors: an effective incandescent material, a higher vacuum than others were able to achieve (by use of the Sprengel pump) and a high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized source economically viable. Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison. Some areas have implemented phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs to reduce energy consumption. Most incandescent bulbs can be replaced by fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 20,000–30,000 hours for lighting LEDs. ![]() Quartz tube halogen infrared heaters are used for industrial processes such as paint curing or for space heating. Heat lamps are made for uses such as incubators, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. Some applications use the heat generated by the filament. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb for 120 V operation is 16 lumens per watt, compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 150 lm/W for some white LED lamps. ![]() Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than other types of electric lighting, converting less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light. As a result, the incandescent bulb became widely used in household and commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting. They require no external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating current or direct current. Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from 1.5 volts to about 300 volts. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and electrical connections. Current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated until it glows. |
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